Showing posts with label emergence. Show all posts
Showing posts with label emergence. Show all posts

11/10/2011

Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling (Scientific Computation) Review

Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling (Scientific Computation)
Average Reviews:

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This is a terrific book that takes a step-by-step approach to cellular automata, especially for modelling. Within the first two chapters I had already found several interesting ideas for improving my own general-purpose automata program.
The part of the book that is most dated is the discussion of a specific hardware card and software designed for IBM PCs and ATs, and a specific dialect of Forth that can be used to program automata that will run on this card. Obviously this is no longer the mainstream approach to programming automata - even massively parallel systems programming has moved away from Forth. For me, I think of it as pseudo-code instead of a program example, and the book is still very very useful.
So on the whole, I would say this is a valuable addition to the bookshelf of any automata enthusiast.

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Recently, cellular automata machines with the size, speed, andflexibility for general experimentation at a moderate cost have become available tothe scientific community. These machines provide a laboratory in which the ideaspresented in this book can be tested and applied to the synthesis of a great varietyof systems. Computer scientists and researchers interested in modeling andsimulation as well as other scientists who do mathematical modeling will find thisintroduction to cellular automata and cellular automata machines (CAM) both usefuland timely.Cellular automata are the computer scientist's counterpart to thephysicist's concept of 'field' They provide natural models for many investigationsin physics, combinatorial mathematics, and computer science that deal with systemsextended in space and evolving in time according to local laws. A cellular automatamachine is a computer optimized for the simulation of cellular automata. Itsdedicated architecture allows it to run thousands of times faster than ageneral-purpose computer of comparable cost programmed to do the same task. Inpractical terms this permits intensive interactive experimentation and opens up newfields of research in distributed dynamics, including practical applicationsinvolving parallel computation and image processing.Contents: Introduction. CellularAutomata. The CAM Environment. A Live Demo. The Rules of the Game. Our First rules.Second-order Dynamics. The Laboratory. Neighbors and Neighborhood. Running. ParticleMotion. The Margolus Neighborhood. Noisy Neighbors. Display and Analysis. PhysicalModeling. Reversibility. Computing Machinery. Hydrodynamics. Statistical Mechanics.Other Applications. Imaging Processing. Rotations. Pattern Recognition. MultipleCAMS. Perspectives and Conclusions.Tommaso Toffoli and Norman Margolus areresearchers at the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT. Cellular AutomataMachines is included in the Scientific Computation Series, edited by DennisCannon.

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10/05/2011

Constructing Measures: An Item Response Modeling Approach Review

Constructing Measures: An Item Response Modeling Approach
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The book was required for a class I'm taking, it serves it purpose and got here within a reasonable amount of time.

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Constructing Measures introduces a way to understand the advantages and disadvantages of measurement instruments, how to use such instruments, and how to apply these methods to develop new instruments or adapt old ones. The book is organized around the steps taken while constructing an instrument. It opens with a summary of the constructive steps involved. Each step is then expanded on in the next four chapters. These chapters develop the "building blocks" that make up an instrument--the construct map, the design plan for the items, the outcome space, and the statistical measurement model. The next three chapters focus on quality control. They rely heavily on the calibrated construct map and review how to check if scores are operating consistently and how to evaluate the reliability and validity evidence. The book introduces a variety of item formats, including multiple-choice, open-ended, and performance items; projects; portfolios; Likert and Guttman items; behavioral observations; and interview protocols.Each chapter includes an overview of the key concepts, related resources for further investigation and exercises and activities. Some chapters feature appendices that describe parts of the instrument development process in more detail, numerical manipulations used in the text, and/or data results. A variety of examples from the behavioral and social sciences and education including achievement and performance testing; attitude measures; health measures, and general sociological scales, demonstrate the application of the material. An accompanying CD features control files, output, and a data set to allow readers to compute the text's exercises and create new analyses and case archives based on the book's examples so the reader can work through the entire development of an instrument.Constructing Measures is an ideal text or supplement in courses on item, test, or instrument development, measurement, item response theory, or rasch analysis taught in a variety of departments including education and psychology. The book also appeals to those who develop instruments, including industrial/organizational, educational, and school psychologists, health outcomes researchers, program evaluators, and sociological measurers. Knowledge of basic descriptive statistics and elementary regression is recommended.

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