11/23/2011

Tracking the Mobility of Crime: New Methodologies and Geographies in Modeling the Diffusion of Offending Review

Tracking the Mobility of Crime: New Methodologies and Geographies in Modeling the Diffusion of Offending
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Porter's study successfully integrates recent attempts to spatialize the quantitative analysis of reported crime on both theoretical and analytical grounds. His tour de force of combining sub-county geographies with administrative-level crime reports to the FBI and the use of cutting-edge spatial statistics sets a new bar for criminologists who wish to speak to the ecology of crime. The founders of the Chicago School who traded on Galpin's use of maps must be smiling!
Furthermore, while his use of federally collected data of reported criminal offending is used for substantive purposes, it is obvious that this work holds much potential beyond criminology. In fact, it is applicable to the fields of statistics, demography, sociology, and criminology. The application and replication of this research with any aggregate-level count data makes the research an extremely useful tool for any research involving the use of aggregate level count data.

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Recently, increased attention has been given to the social and environmental context in which criminal offending occurs. This new interest in the human ecology of crime is largely demographic, both in terms of subject matter and increasingly in terms of the analytic methods. Building on existing literature within the social ecology of crime, this study introduces a new approach to developing and examining sub-county geographies of reported crime through the use of existing census place and county definitions coupled with spatial demographic methods. This process of spatially decomposing counties into Census places and what Esselstyn (1953) earlier called 'open country,' or non-places, allows for the development of a unique, but phenomenologically appropriate sub-county geography. The new sub-county geography substantively holds meaning jurisdictionally given the current organization of the criminal justice system as well as demographically in the conceptualization of 'rural' and 'urban' in the demographic analysis of crime. Using 1990 and 2000 Agency-level Uniform Crime Report data in conjunction with recently developed spatial statistics, significant processes of spatial mobility in regards to the spread of criminal activity are identified. This represents an extension and adaptation of current and evolving methods used in identifying processes of the spatial diffusion of crime.

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